Posted By toddm on 07/24/2009 9:25 AM
About to commit heresy here .... If a radiant barrier in an insulating shade is more effective than Low E, why settle for Low E's degradation of SHGC in a passive solar design? Andersen Low E casements designed specially for passive solar (still a rarity among window mfrs) have a U factor of .28 and a SHGC of .47. Skip the Low E and you get U factor=.45 and SHGC=.60. (You give up R1.3 for 28 percent more solar throughput.)
Gray winters in Pa. complicate the picture. There are lots of winter days, particularly in Dec, when you won't see the sun even though you'd want the curtains up. But in my case, window choice is $ neutral because I would substitute free wood heat for passive solar when the sun isn't shining.
UCLA's Heed modeling software says I'll spend an extra $200/yr without Low E, assuming electric resistance heat, but there is no way to model for insulating, radiant curtains.
Yes, I realize I will spend 5 minutes a day raising and lowering roman blinds. Hey, if you are not willing to futz with it, passive solar isn't for you.
Bright clouds count on passive solar too. Unless your shades are something like R8 or higher your heat gain through the unshaded U0.5 window will exceed the heat loss during the middle part of a cloudy day unless it's either wicked-cold or (or fairly dark clouds.) It doesn't take direct sunshine to find the balance, even if it needs direct sunshine to make up the entire heat loss from the house with just the south-facing windows. According to the RESFEN model, low-E coatings or triple glazing on S windows at my central MA zip code would block more passive solar gain than they would lose over a winter even without movable insulation shutters or shades. Low E is a net benefit for E, N, & W walls though. I'm a bit surprised the HEED model shows something different for you(?).
The shades don't necessarily need to have radiant barrier in them to block 100% of the room-radiated heat. They just need to be infra-red aborptive on the conditioned space side, they don't need to be reflective. The absorbed heat raises the surface very slightly, but it re-radiated the heat back to the room about as efficiently as it took it in, without passing it through the R-value of the shade itself. Only when shade is very thin does the effect of the radiant barrier become a significant performance boost. A low emissivity surface on the window side of the shade improves performance, but it's on the cool side of the shade, radiating less than the conditioned space walls. The semi-isolated air gap between the shade and the window (or within the shade, for the fan-fold types) is an insulating boundary layer, and most of the heat loss out of the window is conducted, not radiated.
There's a lot of smoke and mirrors (well, mostly mirrors :-) ) in the radiant barrier & low-E coating world. If you have any infra-red opaque conductive insulation in the stackup the relevance of the radiant insulations evaporates quickly. The presence of a radiant barrier or low-E coating imparts a fixed-fractional reduction of the heat transfer. With a U0.5 (=R2) window it doesn't take much additional "real" insulation to cut that in half or more, at which point the low-E or radiant barrier is only reducing the fixed-fraction of the already much-reduced heat transfer. 30-40% reduction of a high heat transfer is a lot, but 30-40% of nuthin' is still nuthin'. With window shades it's somewhere between high transfer & nuthin' (but in an attic with R30 blown cellulose w/ joist-tops buried, it's a lot closer to 30-40% of nuthin'.)