Hydronic or electric radiant floor heat?
Last Post 30 Mar 2009 10:56 PM by zara. 31 Replies.
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cheri127User is Offline
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13 Jan 2009 08:29 AM
Hello. I'm new here and have been reading the many threads with great interest and awe at all the useful and interesting information. I'm hoping someone here can help me make a decision and stop second guessing on my heating options.

I'm adding a 120 sq ft mudroom to the back of my 100 yr old house, off the kitchen and remodeling the kitchen (160 sq ft) as well. The kitchen floor and subfloor will be removed during renovation. The heating system in the house is hot water radiator heat. My kitchen plan allows no space for radiators but the mudroom does.  I really don't want toekick heaters in the kitchen so am considering radiant floor heat. 

I'm not sure what my best options are.

We could install hydronic radiant floor heat in both rooms and then tile.

We could install a radiator in the mudroom and radiant heat in just the kitchen.This allow me to keep my kitchen flooring options open. If so, would it be better to go through the expense of tying it into the existing system or would Zmesh work just as well since it's such a small space. And given that the area without cabinets is only about 130 sq ft, will whatever we install be enough to be used as the only heat source in the room?

I know there's not enough info here for a definitive answer, but was wondering if someone could advise me on where to start and what other things I may need to be considering before deciding what's best. 



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13 Jan 2009 09:57 AM
First, you start with a heat load analysis for each room you want to heat (this should be done regardless of heat source). Once you have the load you can address it with a proper tube layout and design water temperature.

If you have a boiler now, radiant floor heating should be the best solution. If you haven't enough floor space to meet the load, a second stage radiator can pick up the slack.


A good radiant floor man should describe this process to you as I have and produce the heat load documentation after you sign a contract.
MA<br>www.badgerboilerservice.com
cheri127User is Offline
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14 Jan 2009 10:02 PM
Thanks, Badger. I'm waiting for my contractor to get back to me with that information. Will post again when I have it.
warmsmeallupUser is Offline
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15 Jan 2009 06:12 PM

You'll also need to be sure that your current system can handle the extra load on it without having to upgrade the boiler. Don't forget to include the structural costs included with installing the tubing. Then get a price for Zmesh and compare the running costs as well.

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16 Jan 2009 03:55 PM
Posted By warmsmeallup on 01/15/2009 6:12 PM

You'll also need to be sure that your current system can handle the extra load on it without having to upgrade the boiler. Don't forget to include the structural costs included with installing the tubing. Then get a price for Zmesh and compare the running costs as well.


About 19 times out of 20 the existing boilers are already oversized by a large fraction, even as calculated with the fairly generous Manual-J margins.  Even if a 120' addition is going to bring the boiler sizing slightly under a Manual-J calc it's not worth swapping the boiler for- 19 times out of 20 it'll cruise through design-day temps without the slightest of discomfort, even when undersized by as much as 15%.  In the 20th case, it's usually cheaper to tighten up or insulate the place somewhat better to address the problem than doing a boiler-swap.  Odds are the new-construction will be significant tighter than the century old house anyway- the heat loss of the addition may even be lower than the common-wall of the original structure that was covered.  (Especially true if it was leaky old windows and an uninsulated back door.)

Electric will almost always be cheaper to install yet far more expensive to run, and for what, exactly?  Low temp radiant floor is pretty cushy if you're hanging out in your socks, but if the cost is prohibitive, even a high-temp hydronic baseboard zone will be cheaper to run (and not very expensive to design or install.)  If from a heating design point of view you need/want it to run at the same temp as the retrofit-radiant in the kitchen, if there's enough space for the requisite additional baseboard (usually is), designing for 130-140F water isn't rocket-science.  Baseboards are often pretty-good or even better than radiant for raw creature-comfort in mudrooms- lean your boots up against the baseboard and they dry quickly, and will be nice 'n' toasty-warm when you slip back into 'em.  It's hard to beat radiant where ever you're gonna hang out for awhile in your socks or barefoot, like living/family rooms, bath/bedrooms etc.  But most of your time in mudrooms is spent swapping footwear and leaving, not lounging about.
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16 Jan 2009 04:58 PM
Thanks guys. I don't know if my GC is being a whiner or what but here's what's going on. We're getting ready to pour the footer/slab, he wants to do a mono pour so now he's telling me that it's too late to put radiant in the mudroom because it will take at least 3 weeks to schedule the plumber to come out to run the pex. He says we could install the pex on the new slab and do a second pour but then he'll have a heck of a time making the mudroom floor line up with the kitchen. He says he wants to stick with the radiator in the mudroom and install an electric mat under the tile in the kitchen floor. I'm not blaming him for not wanting to change our plans now and throw off his schedule because I have changed my mind so many times, I can see why he's getting frustrated with me. But I don't want to put electric heat in the kitchen if it's going to cost me a forturne to run it. I could do hydronic in the kitchen but the cost of doing the radiator in the mudroom and hyrdronic floor in the kitchen would just be ridiculous.

My house has 20" stone walls and the kitchen will be sandwiched between a well insulated heated mudroom and well insulated and warm dining room. It has a warm bathroom above it and the basement laundry room below. There are two 36" x 60" windows in the kitchen. There is NO room for any kind of radiator, all of the wall space is utilized. I could install a simple heat duct or forced hot air one under one of the windows, either in the floor or wall, and a toe kick heater but that's my least favorite option. (I can't put a radiator under the window because I wouldn't be able to open the adjacent drawer stack.

Which would you choose?
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16 Jan 2009 05:08 PM
Tell the GC you can wait (even if you can't). Call a local contractor (or his) and get him out to install the tube). This is a simple matter for an experienced installer.

I always advise homeowners to contract the HVAC contractor directly.

Remember, it is your money and your cold feet.

I should note that my customers also pay for change orders in advance :).
MA<br>www.badgerboilerservice.com
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18 Jan 2009 01:36 AM
Is the kitchen floor underside accessible from the basement, or is the basement ceiling finished? If you can get to the subfloor from underneath do the radiator in the mud room and radiant heat with PEX tubes under the kitchen subfloor. This way you can finish the kitchen and then do the heat. If the basement ceiling is finished you might consider tearing it out and replacing it so you can do the underfloor radiant.

Another option would be to use copper finned tubes and make a radiator in the floor with a long vent through the flooring. The ends of the vent would let cool air drop down into a box and then come up past the finned tube through the center part of the vent. How well would it work? I don't know. I did this years ago in a house in PA we owned that had hot water radiator heat but we didn't live in the house long enough to find out how well the finned tube in the floor idea worked.

Even a retired engineer can build a house successfully w/ GBT help!
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18 Jan 2009 07:30 AM
Copper fin tube is marginally efficient when properly sized and installed at the perimeter of a heated space. When placed below the floor (an application for which it was not designed) fin-tube has very little output.

In short; a waste of time and money.
MA<br>www.badgerboilerservice.com
cheri127User is Offline
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18 Jan 2009 05:20 PM
I tried to take your advice. Badger, but then I had both my GC and my husband mad at me. I can't blame them for being exasperated because this all due to my inability to decide whether I wanted tile or wood in the kitchen. I was going with wood when we finalized the plans and started work, but just found a tile that I like. Anyway, I think I came up with a solution. I believe I have the space to partially recess a decent sized (36 x 30) europanel type hydronic radiator (2 1/2" deep) in the wall under the window. I'm still waiting for heat loss info from GC, but after using an online calculator, think this may be enough. I could then add an electric mat under the tile for comfort only which shouldn't be that expensive to run on an as needed basis. Don't know if I would, but the option is there. Not as efficient as hydronic in both floors, but that's really no longer possible (can't battle both GC and DH). Thanks to everyone for their input.
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18 Jan 2009 06:54 PM

I'm going to here from the plumbers on this, as usual, but PLEASE! Stop taking the advice from plumbers on how much your electric radiant system will cost you. Ask how many electric radiant systems they've installed to give you this sound advice...as plumbers!! Then ask them how much an hydronic system will cost to run in your home, precisely. The answer is always "less then electric" with no definitive numbers. If they reply, it will be based on factory tests on a new boiler that is the most efficient they can quote from, not your boiler after using it for X number of years. Boilers start to loose efficiency from day one of use. Then take into account how many feet above sea level you're at, what form of fuel you use, the temperature of the water, the thermostat settings etc..

We have installed easily 50 low voltage electric radiant heating systems as primary heat in the past 4 years and NONE of our customers don't use it because it costs too much. On the contrary, it is more efficient, more even in it's distribution of the heat, a lot less costly to install, can be installed directly under the tile or hardwood and can be nailed through anywhere on the grid. You can certainly nail through pex tubing, but you won't approve of the result. Then there's the pumps, temperature settings, valves, boiler maintentance etc..let alone the possible leaks (that none of these installers ever have, I'm sure) Just look at this site alone for the problems that occur with hydronic systems. There is none of this with an electric radiant system.

You can easily find out how much the electric system will cost to run. Email me the type of system your electrciain is installing and I can tell you to the penny. Just have your electric bill handy at the time. And, it will probably remain consistant. I have been paying the same rate for my electrcity for the 8 years I've lived in my home. I bet if you happen to keep your old bills around, you'll find very little change in yours as well...unless you live in Alaska!

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19 Jan 2009 07:35 AM
There he goes again.

In 1987 I got a call from a customer who suffered a 400% increase in her electric rate. She wanted to know what she could do with an all-electric house. The answer was to install a wall-hung sealed combustion condensing boiler, indirect water heater and pull out all the electric baseboard, for hydronic baseboard and radiant floors where possible. This is literally how I entered the radiant floor heating business.

Since then I have designed hundreds of hydronic systems and personally converted dozens of all-electric homes (including one of my own) from all electric to all gas (electric lights of course).

I even attended a school in Canada (1994) the name of which was "Residential Off-Electric To Hydronic Conversion Heating School". It was well attended.

It is nearly impossible (without artificial, read; temporary, gov't. subsidies) to use one fuel to make another at a lower cost. Electric heat is more common in warmer climates as the heating loads are low; cooling requires a larger service and the cost of heating with electricity, though high, doesn't hurt for lack of use.

The making of electricity is an inefficient process to start. A paltry 30% of the energy used to create the ultra-refined power we call electricity actually gets to the plug!

"Efficiency Benefits
Efficiency gains are another benefit of coal gasification. In a typical coal combustion-based power plant, heat from burning coal is used to boil water, making steam that drives a steam turbine-generator. In some coal combustion-based power plants, only a third of the energy value of coal is actually converted into electricity.

A coal gasification power plant, however, typically gets dual duty from the gases it produces. First, the coal gases, cleaned of impurities, are fired in a gas turbine - much like natural gas - to generate one source of electricity. The hot exhaust of the gas turbine, and some of the heat generated in the gasification process, are then used to generate steam for use in a steam turbine-generator. This dual source of electric power, called a "combined cycle," is much more efficient in converting coal's energy into usable electricity. The fuel efficiency of a coal gasification power plant in this type of combined cycle can potentially be boosted to 50 percent or more.

Future concepts that incorporate a fuel cell or a fuel cell-gas turbine hybrid could achieve efficiencies nearly twice today's typical coal combustion plants. If any of the remaining heat can be channeled into process steam or heat, perhaps for nearby factories or district heating plants, the overall fuel use efficiency of future gasification plants could reach 70 to 80 percent.

Higher efficiencies translate into more economical electric power and potential savings for ratepayers. A more efficient plant also uses less fuel to generate power, meaning that less carbon dioxide is produced. In fact, coal gasification power processes under development by the Energy Department could cut the formation of carbon dioxide by 40 percent or more, per unit of output, compared to today's conventional coal-burning plant.

The capability to produce electricity, hydrogen, chemicals, or various combinations while eliminating nearly all air pollutants and potentially greenhouse gas emissions makes coal gasification one of the most promising technologies for energy plants of the future.

National Energy Technology Laboratory Web Site
>
Database of Gasification R&D Projects

PROGRAM CONTACTS

>
Gary Stiegel
National Energy Technology Laboratory
PO Box 10940
U.S. Dept. of Energy
Pittsburgh, PA 15236
412-386-4499

>
Stewart Clayton
Office of Fossil Energy
(FE-22)
U.S. Dept. of Energy
Washington, DC 20585
301-903-9429

So, unless you have a hydro or nuclear plant you are probably (57% of us) using coal to heat your house, with a 100% electric heating system. NOT green. By contrast a condensing natural gas boiler will have half the carbon footprint of a coal-fired power plant boiler and pollute the atmosphere less (meeting all CA standards for decades now).

I am designing a system right now with an off-peak electric - propane backup hydronic system (I have designed many more than 50 of these) which the power companies promote to delay building new power plants. Given that the new power plant will in all likelihood be coal-fired, one could argue that this strategy is "greener" than straight fossil fuel, but when I suggested this to the power exec. he just laughed.

If electric is your fuel of choice, consider hydronics. The tubing will outlast the structure, geo-thermal becomes an option and if electricity goes up you can change your mind.

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19 Jan 2009 09:13 AM
cheri,

both elec and hydronic should keep you very comfortable, cost of operation depends on what you pay for each fuel source, post what you pay per kwh(try to include all taxes and delivery charges),what you pay for oil or gas and the efficiency of the boiler, i would bet than in your relatively small renovation project neither will be far superior than the other, from a carbon footprint perspective electricity is the only source that shows promise of net zero( wind solar tidal geothermal)
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19 Jan 2009 10:23 AM
This is all so interesting. I do know that heating with electric in our house is expensive. We remodeled the master bathroom and moved the radiator, replacing the old one with a new Burnham (hot water) but for some unexplained reason the plumbers (we tried several) could never get the new radiator hot. Being burnt out on the remodel we went for the easy fix and installed two runtal electric wall panels. They kept the room reasonably warm but our electric bill went way up. On a brighter note, when we did the hall bath several years later, that plumber replaced the *new* Burnham in the master with a newer Burnham and ta-da, more heat than you knew what to do with. The room in downright toasty now. No one was ever able to determine what the problem was but it scared me off of electric as a primary heat source for any room.

Our natural gas boiler is about 20 yrs old. I'm so glad I found this forum so I know what my green options are when it needs replacing. Thanks for all the great info.
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19 Jan 2009 07:53 PM

Yes, electric radiant, in the form of baseboard or wall panels and utilized in the wrong application, are what has hurt the electric radiant in-floor reputation. They're toasty to have but they are also known to be one of the worst forms of heat where efficiency is concerned. It doesn't surprise me that they were expensive to use.

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20 Jan 2009 04:28 PM
Posted By warmsmeallup on 01/18/2009 6:54 PM

I'm going to here from the plumbers on this, as usual, but PLEASE! Stop taking the advice from plumbers on how much your electric radiant system will cost you. Ask how many electric radiant systems they've installed to give you this sound advice...as plumbers!! Then ask them how much an hydronic system will cost to run in your home, precisely. 


That's pretty funny!

Not a plumber- I'm an engineer (read "I can do the math, and I do do the math- every day"  :-) ). 

There are very few markets in N.America where a BTU delivered as electricity at 100% end-use efficiency is less expensive than a BTU delivered as natural gas, or even $3/gallon heating oil (even if burned at a paltry 70% system efficiency, which would be low for most installations in the past 15 years).  Those markets do exist, but probably not yours.

I'm sure electric radiant can be cost-competitive where installation cost is the primary factor though. ;-)

Some simple math, using a real-world example:

In my market (New England- central MA, if you really care) the current rate for electricity is ~$0.18/kwh.  One therm (100,000BTUs) is ~29.4 kwh, so we'd be paying 29.4 x $0.18:

$5.29 /therm as heat in the radiant floor if delivered as electricity.

In the same market, the current rate for natural gas is $1.60/therm, but say you've got a creaky old boiler that's running at only 60% efficiency (not one o' them shiny-newfangled 90%+ condensin' jobs)- then it costs $1.60/.6 =


$2.67/therm as heat in the radiant floor if delivered as natural gas in a lousy, nearly worst-case hydronic system!

(It doesn't take a plumber, physicist, psychic, or any other "p" profession to figure out that it's half the cost, eh? ;-) )

Prices will vary by local markets but most of the time reasonbly designed hydronic systems will cost a third of what it costs to run any kind of resistance-type electrical heating. With a heat pump (particularly geothermal heat pump) it can be operations-cost competitive, but usually at a premium on installations costs over natural gas fired hydronic systems. 

In many markets, the retail price of electricity tracks roughly with the retail price of natural gas, in part due to the number of natural gas fired generators that have replaced dirtier coal or oil burners over the past decade or two. In markets with a large base of older hydroelectric generatation (Pacific Northwest) it tracks somewhat less, but both NG and electricity is cheaper there for a variety of reasons. 

Check your own rates, do your own math, but it would be the unusual case if even a bottom-of-the line 78% efficient NG fired hydronic system doesn't blow away an electric radiant heating system on operational costs in your location.

But if you can buy electricity at 4 cents/kwh or less, go for it!
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20 Jan 2009 07:29 PM
Ya!

What he said. hhehehee, hohohoho, heheehe

I can't stand it.

Now that's gotta hurt?

hehehee
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warmsmeallupUser is Offline
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23 Jan 2009 04:58 PM

Dana1

Quick question, are you experienced in installing systems or just design or both?

So, to stay on point of this thread, you're saying that the HO would be better served installing a single zone radiant system off her existing hot water radiator system with a separate control for a 130sf area (without cabinets) given her design requirements and it would be primary heat?

Also, I have never stated anywhere that generically using electricity to heat a home is cheaper or more efficient than hydronics. And, I have the utmost respect for real engineers in comparison to plumbers who think they're engineers through osmosis. I work with engineers almost every day in designing our layouts and requirements when being spec'd in on projects for primary heat, floor warming and snow melting. Only twice this week because I was out on jobsites all week. No time to play here.

In every design where we have been chosen to install a low voltage system as primary heat, (3 times this week) they have all doubted it's ability to 1) heat efficiently and 2) do it cost effectively, based on the same calculations you offered.

In every case, they are unable to explain why the system is actually running far less time then the calculations they ran said it would (trying to convince all that hydronics would be better) and could still keep the homes warm. I can't either. I can only say that it is. There are all kinds of 'maybe' explanations: maybe ZMesh is heating more effectively through the home so it doesn't need to be on for as much time; maybe our elements heat more evenly and faster so they don't need to run as long as expected; maybe it's all the drugs I took in the 60's! :) I only know we're doing it and I don't have a single unhappy client freaking out by their electric bill. Well, maybe the snow clients aren't so happy this year for all the snow we're having.

Further, and more importantly, look at this website alone under "Radiant Heating" or the RPA site where almost every entry is a problem a contractor or homeowner is having with their hydronic system. You're involved in trying to fix a lot of them here. You neglected to mention these costs in your analysis. Do you see even one issue with an in-floor electric radiant system on either site? NOT ONE!

You can go on all day about the calculations and I will agree with them...on paper. Complain all you want how generation to the source is cost inefficient. As I've mentioned before, all that matters to the homowners we supply is do I get $1.00 worth of heat for the dollar I pay. You do with electric in-floor radiant. You can't say that with hydronics and never will be able to.

You live in MA. We have a whole house (2800sf, paying 0.179 kWh) heating  system in Pittsfield using low voltage ZMesh through out the major portions of the house and a low voltage cable in the 3 bathrooms (8 zones in all). No other source of heat.  Last year their electric bill for January and February was 410.00 including their electrical appliances. No maintenance, no service calls, no contracts, no oil or propane bills. And, as you know, no rise in electricity this year when oil and propane went "through the roof", so to speak. Their propane for cooking only was $67.00.

So, to summarize, I agree with you...and I don't!

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23 Jan 2009 06:24 PM
Electric heating salesman said; "In every case, they are unable to explain why the system is actually running far less time then the calculations they ran said it would (trying to convince all that hydronics would be better) and could still keep the homes warm. I can't either."

It must be magic, or snake oil.

I am and experienced installer (1987), RPA certified designer/installer, instructor AND lowly plumber. Your numbers - buy your own admission - do not add up. To those who follow your self-serving blogs - caveat emptor.

Electric heat has it's place, but when it comes to efficiency i.e. being Green, it is in last place in most of North America, as my Hero dana astutely points out.

It is the most comfortable form of electric space heating by virtue of its radiant quality, which is the same regardless of heat source. Where electricity is cheaper than other fuels –usually off-peak - I use electric boilers or dual fuel boiler systems.
MA<br>www.badgerboilerservice.com
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23 Jan 2009 06:28 PM
warmesallup, yer all wet. You can't cheat physics.

You can get testimonials for just about anything, including peanut-butter cures for cancer. Show me the numbers- put thermocouples and dataloggers on it, in short prove it, not an electric bill & a half-baked theory. Yes I will go on all day about calculations, because I live in an evidence-based reality, work in a profession that relies on it(!), and don't need or want to rely on "maybe" speculation of how and why things do or do not work. I tend to believe people who actually measure stuff. The rest is mostly BS.

And if you'd read my posts on this thread, I was leaning toward running low temp baseboard in the mudroom, not radiant as most cost-effective & appropriate. Whether the up front cost of radiant (Z-mesh OR hydronic) in the kitchen is worthwhile remains a matter of speculation.

And yes, there ARE electric-radiant problems posted on this site- (you're not diggin' nearly hard enough if you can't find 'em!) When they give up, repair can be difficult to repair, yadda yadda. But who cares? If she has an existing hydronic boiler of any decent design she can run the same floor at the same temp as Z-mesh for less money in most markets. And if there are more references to issues with hydronic radiant issues, it seems more likely a reflection of the relative depth of market-penetration hydronic radiant (an artifact of the relative operational-expense.)

The electric radiant systems I've personally dealt with were in low-electricity price, relatively low heat-load western WA, installed in the '70s and '80s. When they've failed, they usually get abandoned because repair involves too much messy demolition on the finished-side of the floor & ceiling assemblies. (The replacement system tended to be finned electric baseboard or low-profile electric wall furnaces. The radiant systems there were sold there as the best thing since sliced bread, since they could provide the same comfort level as electric furnace or baseboard at lower air temperature, and were bound to cost less to operate. Nice theory- wasn't much data to support it, but it might have been true. (Radiant hydronic isn't necessarily more efficient than a well designed hydronic baseboard system either- depends on the system, and the user. But it's easier to squeak out the efficiency of condensing systems in low-temp radiant than alternatives, if designed correctly.) Still, the people who went with air-source heat pumps & air handlers had lower operating costs. (These are relatives- I know how they live, eh? ) Those who live on the gas grid heat with gas (usually scorched air, with leaky ducts :-) ), and pay about the same as the heat-pump folks. Electricity prices are rising there too- faster than NG prices- we'll see how it shakes out in the next decade...

Predicting future fuel prices is a difficult game, and yes, oil & propane hit a spike this past year, but is now at 5 year lows, yet even at $5 heating still somewhat cheaper per delivered-to-the-floor BTU in even an old-skool 70% efficient system than $0.18/kwh electricity. NG saw a spike too, but locally it was more or less mirrored in electric rates. NG is starting to fall, but electricity is still holding it's incremental increases. It's a moving target, but NG prices would have to move a fewl hundred percent to make it more expensive than electricity as a heating fuel.

Will Z-mesh in just 130' of kitchen break the bank? Probably not. Will it even run often enough to provide the cushy- comfort of warm floors worthwhile? Depends. Maybe. Without doing a proper heat load analysis it would be hard to predict. But in-general, until the grid is a lot greener and electricity is a lot cheaper, high-efficiency hydronics or heat pumps are going to continue to be the softer-greener path for space heating.
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