Rick
This is a very tricky question. It depends in large part on the size and the mass of the building
I think you could get a very rough idea by multiplying the square ft of the house by 40 lbs/ft^2 to get a crude building mass estimate ie a 3000 ft^2 house *40 = 120,000 lbs this is the mass of the house
Definition of a BTU= energy required to raise the temp of 1 lb water 1 deg F
I would assume that everything in the house is part of the mass and disregard the air in the house from the calculations.
Now to raise the house 1 degree in temp, requires 1 btu/lb of house or 120,000 btus If the heat loss of the building is 55000 btu/hour the house will loose ~55000/120000 deg/hour or 0.45 deg/hour so in 12 hours 5.5 deg temp drop.
Now this estimate would be a crude ballpark for an average wood framed house if the basement was not part of the thermal envelope. It could easily be off 3 fold.
In reality to do a detailed calculation would require a lot of info on the construction type, location of the insulation relative to the mass, etc. Not trivial and would probably involve a site visit by some way more qualified then me.
eric