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Basement Insulation Help (continuing from Geo forum)
Last Post 06 Nov 2010 09:21 AM by azzo. 13 Replies.
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Hitch
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 Posts:24
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| 15 Oct 2010 04:41 PM |
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[quote]That's a small part of it. A more complete & better explanation is found here.[/quote]
Out of concern that I was highjacking someone elses thread in the geo forum, I am starting a new thread here.
Dana1 - Wow, and more technical. Thanks! For those of us with existing basements, some of that can't be done (right?). For some reason, that article makes me a bit more concerned about doing what was referenced in the "familyhandyman" article. For instance, the possible mold and rot problems are very concerning. Also, I don't understand what a capillary break is (third full paragraph of the article).
As I compare your (linked) article to the one that I found, it appears that the one I found is limited solely to the rim joist and sill plate area. However, it also appears that the article that you referenced (the diagram on page 2 of 3 in particular) shows the installation of more rigid foam than the other one did. Specifically, there is a horizontal piece of rigid foam (shown in blue). Is that only necessary when you do the rest of the insulation work down the rest of the basement wall?
In looking at that diagram, it looks like you have the rim joist and then there are red dots. The red dots are some sort of adhesive? What kind of adhesive would I use?
Then I would install the rigid insulation (extruded polystyrene).
Then I would seal around the rigid insulation with either caulk or expanding foam (I would prefer to use the expanding foam).
Then I would install unfaced cavity insulation. Would that be like an R-19 (around 5 inches) of rolled insulation that doesn't have the paper on it?
I know that this is not all that you (and the article) are recommending, but it would be a start for me. I have heard from several people that the rim joist area is the source of lots of leaks.
Note that I have a poured concrete wall and that there is some sort of pink layer of fluffy paper-like stuff that sits on top of my poured concrete wall and underneath the sill plate. Does that matter?
If I do the above, at least it is a start, right? Would just doing the above cause me any problems?
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Dana1
 Senior Member
 Posts:6991
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| 18 Oct 2010 10:47 AM |
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The red dots in the BSC articles can be a number of things: gaskets, spray foam sealant, foam-board construction adhesive (that uses solvents that won't degrade the foam- available at orange or blue box stores) For the rim joist a cut'n'cobble of XPS works, but MUST be well sealed, or air-transported moisture will condense on the rim joist itself. Whether you can then add another R19 of fiberglass to it safely is highly climate dependent. The average mid-winter temp of the interior face of the XPS would need to stay above the dew point of the basement air (which would typically be between 37-40F in a dry or climate-controlled basement.) It's a crude model but using the ratio of R-values between the foam & fiber to calculate the temp at the face of the XPS is accurate enough, and goes something like this: Assume your basement in January is 68F, with 30% relative humidity, which according to psychrometric charts has a dew point ~37F. If your average (not average high or average low, but average) outdoor temp in January is say, 25F (could be much colder or much warmer, depending on your zip code.) Then the dew point 37F is 12F above the outdoor temp and 21F below the room temp. If the ratio of foam to fiber R-values is 12/21 (which is about 0.57) or higher, you're golden, if it's less, there is some risk of longer term moisture occuring on that foam face or in the fiberglass, and there is a risk seasonal mold conditions in the fiberglass. If you're using 2" of XPS that's about R10, and you add R19 to the interior your ratio is 10/19, or 0.53 LOWER than 0.57, so you're at some risk. But if you used R15 batts your ratio would be 10/15= 0.67, and the risk is quite low. The actual numbers are HIGHLY dependent on your actual climate, and how humid you allow the basement to become. If you keep it at 68F with a 60% RH the dew point is ~ 54F, which would require a much higher foam/fiber ratio. But you can't put more than R10 of XPS without severely reducing the drying capacity toward the interior, but you can go to about R15-16 (4") with unfaced EPS (expanded polystyrene bead-board- looks like insulated coffee cup material) before it become too vapor impermeable. If you put fiber insulation on the interior, it must be un-faced, but needs an air-tight but water-vapor permeable air-barrier on the interior such as well sealed drywall or a sheet of housewrap (spray-foam or adhesive-sealed at all edges.) If you don't the volume of convected air reaching the colder exterior side of the air brings 100-1000x more moisture to the cold surface to condense, and reduces the as-installed R value of the fiber by about half during cold weather. A capillary break means any material that strongly rejects the wicking of moisture. A sheet of polyethylene, vinyl, or metal would be just some examples. If your house was built with a foam sill gasket between the foundation and wooden framing , that is a reasonable capillary break in most instances. If it wasn't, (or even if it was) you can limit the amount rain/dew moisture getting into the concrete by using silane-based masonry sealer on the above grade exterior, and installing good drainage (eg a "French drain") around the exterior of the foundation on the drip-line of the eaves to duct all bulk water away. The pink "papery" stuff is hopefully a foam plastic sill gasket (Owens-Corning sill gasket is a thin pink foamy polyethylene material). Foamy sill gaskets are OK capillary breaks but often have air leakage issues, and can't be relied upon as the sole air-sealing of the sill. On the foundation wall all joints of the rigid board material should be mastic sealed, spray foam sealed, or taped with housewrap tape to limit air migration to/from the foundation & sill & rim joist. Code requires an ignition barrier between any plastic insulation and the interior. Half inch or more of drywall meets code, fiberglass batts with a housewrap air-barrier does not. But 3"+ of wet-sprayed high density fiberglass (eg. JM Spider) or wet-spray cellulose does. To figure out your average winter temps there are a number of online resources with climate data, eg: http://www.weather.gov/view/states.php http://www.climate-charts.com/USA-climate.html Try to use date as close to your zip code as possible for best results. If your elevation is even 500' higher/lower than the weather station's data you're using, you may have to make some adjustments if taking to the hairy limits. |
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azzo
 New Member
 Posts:7
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| 02 Nov 2010 11:26 AM |
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Dana1
I have seen some post about geothermal. We had a vertical ground loop system installed over two years ago. Heating cost is about $450.00
We disconnected the hot tub at the same time we installed the heating system because we needed that circuit. Our hydro bill for the last 2 years is the same as before the heating system.
It cost as much to run the hot tub as it does to heat the house!
I am a new member and would like to know if anyone sees a problem with this insulation process I have described. Reading Dana1 post was very interesting and got me thinking about adding R10 roxul on top of the rigid and pony wall.
I am insulating my basement walk out with 2” rigid in the rim joist and on the concrete walls and 1” on the floor with 5/8” plywood on top. The pony walls are 2”x 4”.
I cut strips of rigid to fit over the 2”x4”s on the pony wall to create a 5-1/2” cavity and a thermal break for the 2x4s
I placed R22 roxul in the cavity.
I placed 2” rigid on the concrete walls and rim joists and 1” on the floor, all glued, spry foamed and taped.
6 mill Vapour barrier on pony wall, sealed and taped to the rigid.
The pony wall is flush with the rigid covered concrete wall.
I built 2”x3” wall in front of the exterior walls and placed R10 roxul in the 16” centres and in the rim joist on top of the rigid and the vapour barrier pony walls.
The average cold temperature in this location is 22F.
I have an air exchanger and keep the humidity level around 35%
The other exterior walls are 2”x6”s with R22 roxul in the 16” centres and rim joist.
The vapour barrier is extended into the rim joist.
Does this make sense to you?
Could adding R10 cause moisture problem behind drywall?
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Dana1
 Senior Member
 Posts:6991
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| 04 Nov 2010 01:44 PM |
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If your average mid-winter temp is 22F or higher, adding R10 inside the vapor barrier with R22 outside the vapor barriers isn't a problem. If the R10 Roxul has a vapor-retardent kraft facer the drying capacity of the 2x3 studded portion is limited, since it can only dry toward the interior, which it CAN do slowly through the facer. That won't be much of a problem on the pony-wall and above-grade portion of the concrete. But if it has a foil facer or another vapor barrier between the 2x3s and wallboard, it's a moisture trap. On the below grade portion with the 2" rigid against the concrete only UNfaced batting should be used in the studwall, or it might not dry quickly enough toward the interior to keep up with the rate of ground moisture diffusion through the rigid foam, creating mold potential at the studs. |
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azzo
 New Member
 Posts:7
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| 04 Nov 2010 02:37 PM |
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Dana1
Thank you very much for this information.
I am using UN faced batting. I split R22 to create the R10 because to fit well in the 2x3.
Some of the stud walls are spaced out from the rigid because the poured concrete walls are not perfect.
This means there will be some space between the drywall and UN faced batting in some places.
Could this be a problem?
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Dana1
 Senior Member
 Posts:6991
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| 04 Nov 2010 02:51 PM |
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If there is a gap on either side of the unfaced batt, it'll underperform it's rated R since it allows convection loops to flow around & through the batt more readily. That hit in performance could be quite a bit (over 25%) if the gaps are large & long. Rock wool batts are at least dense enough to work better than low-density fiberglass in those conditions, but you'd be better off compressing batts designed for 2x4 cavites than going with a batt not thick enough to fully span from the wallboard to the rigid foam. Blown rock wool would work even better, since it would fill in completely, even between gaps between the 2x3s & foam where it's uneven. |
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azzo
 New Member
 Posts:7
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| 04 Nov 2010 03:00 PM |
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Am I at risk of adding too much R to those areas? |
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Dana1
 Senior Member
 Posts:6991
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| 04 Nov 2010 05:07 PM |
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I doubt it- where exactly are you located? (Or nearest city/town at the same altitude, for climate data.) If your average January temp is about -6C you could put ~60% of the total R inside the vapor barrier on the above grade sections without substantial condensation risk. Below grade you can probably get away with a bit more than 60%, but that would depend a lot on things like your local ground temp, and the summertime dew-points (which would be more likelyt to come into play in the eastern maritimes than in the midwest or B.C..) If 22F/-6C is the average LOW (rather than the average) you can put even more inside, if desired. |
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azzo
 New Member
 Posts:7
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| 04 Nov 2010 05:32 PM |
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I am just east of Toronto Ontario Canada.
thanks again for your help.
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Dana1
 Senior Member
 Posts:6991
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| 04 Nov 2010 06:12 PM |
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According to this data: http://www.climate.weatheroffice.gc.ca/climate_normals/results_e.html?StnID=5097&autofwd=1 your averge January temp is -6.3, but you will have PLENTY of margin with a 65%/35% ratio outside/inside the vapor barrier. (You could almost get away with flipping that ratio!) You'll have some, but not severe summertime humidity issues. Subsoil temps are high enough that with 25C 60% relative humidity conditioned space air in summertime you still won't end up with condensation issues with 50% of the below grade wall R as fiber (I've been assuming it's XPS, not EPS or iso?), but you'd be on the edge of a high-humidity condition inside the studwall if the local ground moisture is high. If it stays ~ 20C or cooler & 60% RH you'll have some margin. If it tends to rise as to as high as 25C down there, dehumidify it to 50% RH to leave at least a bit of margin. Putting some 10mil plastic &/or a sill gasket under the floor plate of the studwall framing as a thermal break is also a good idea, if it's not above the 1" of floor insulation. |
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azzo
 New Member
 Posts:7
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| 04 Nov 2010 07:15 PM |
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The floor plates are on the 5\8” plywood and the plywood is on 1” Owens Corning CodeBord Extruded Polystyrene Rigid.
The walls are Owens Corning foamular C-300.
I have been on this project for some time and in the hot humid summer days there was some condensation on the insulation side of the vapour barrier on the pony walls and other studded walls with vapour barrier.
I put the batt insulation on the pony wall to see if the batt insulation would insulate the vapour barrier from the air conditioned basement. I only did one wall and the condensation went away in 4 days.
Now the other walls condensation went away days after the humidity outside subsided.
This leads me to believe that this is normal because these walls are insulated for a cold climate.
By adding the insulation to the inside, the vapour barrier cannot get to the dew point.
Is this logical?
if I left the insulation as is, with out adding the batt insulation. Would this pose any problems or be a wasted opportunity.
I get the impression that when dealing with high R values, if not done correctly it can be worse than a low R value.
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Dana1
 Senior Member
 Posts:6991
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| 05 Nov 2010 02:07 PM |
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You logic around dew points at the vapor barrier is correct- insulating on the interior raises the temperature at the vapor barrier above the summertime dew points (most of the time, anyway.) But substantial amounts of condensation may also be an indication either exterior sheathing leaks air into the stud cavities, or (more likely) that rain moisture is getting between the siding & sheathing and not draining/evaporating quickly, finding it's way into the stud cavities. Summertime dew points in Toronto area rarely rise above 22-23C on a sustained basis, and most of the time they are under 20C, averaging only 16-17C for any summer month. Unless the interior air is well-below 23C the vapor barrier would be above the outdoor dew point except during the very MOST muggy-sticky days. That would seem to indicate moisture sources beyond just outdoor air- the dew point in the stud cavity air is probably ABOVE that of outdoor air. What type of siding does this house have, and does it have a (code prescribed) 10mm rainscreen between the siding & sheathing? |
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azzo
 New Member
 Posts:7
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| 05 Nov 2010 05:56 PM |
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The house is brick and built in 1986. The covering on the studs is a fibre type material with a black face,
Not sure of the product name. I spray foamed around all the seams with a thin bead as to not create air pockets around the insulation. The days I had moisture were 30C + and humid. When the humidity dropped the walls dried out in two to three days. The next humid period is when I decided to try the insulation on the inside and that is what made me think of adding insulation to the inside. I have not had any vapour on the vapour barrier other than those two occasions. the temp. in the basement was 19C. Because the air ducts are not cover yet it is hard to control the A\C temp in the basement and keep the upper two floors comfortable.
Through weeks of researching the idea, I came across your post on the subject.
I like the idea of using R14 and my measurements of the irregularities indicate that R14 would fill in all of the spaces.
I would also add insulation between the studs and rigid to eliminate any gaps.
I have some areas that the wall is built out from the rigid i.e. around plumbing stacks and think this would be better left without the added insulation because the drywall will be quite a distance away.
Your expertise is of great help and has made me look at insulating in a whole new way.
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azzo
 New Member
 Posts:7
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