Can I use one central exchanger
Yes, Heat or Energy Recovery ventilators operate in the range of 100 - 200 cfm. This is enough for even very large houses, unless you are also planning on having large numbers of people live there. They exhaust as much air as they bring in, so there is no net positive amount to provide makeup air for a "large range hood, which can be 600 cfm 1200 cfm or more. Even if a ventilator operated in a one way mode, bringing makeup air into the house, there would still be a big volume discrepancy. Essentially, you need to open a window or even have a dedicated makeup air fan come on when the range hood is drawing.