I have never worked with ICFs before. I'm going to be building some load-bearing structures out of wood after the ICF portion of the building is completed. So I will start with an interior space with concrete walls already completed.
The structures I want to build would be applying a certain amount of force to the walls, whether it's a horizontal beam or a vertical column that applies a horizontal/lateral force against the wall or pulling out from the wall. Mostly against the wall, I think, since I will be "bracing" from wall to wall.
I'm wondering if I should be concerned about whether the EPS foam/plastic tie studs will be able to handle the pressure.

If it's an issue, would it be practical to remove portions of the interior insulation with a circular saw, etc and attach directly to the concrete? Or would I want to coordinate with the ICF installer and/or engineer to place anchors in the wall for example?

If there is any significant load, I wouldn't rely on pushing against the foam or just attaching to the ICF ties. Typically, you would cut out a section of the foam where you need a strong attachment before you pour, then cut a piece of plywood large enough to cover the hole and extend out far enough to cover the adjacent ICF ties. Then screw the plywood to the ties. This will allow the wet concrete to flow out to be flush with the face of the foam where you have the cutout. It doesn't take a very large area of concrete to support a large load. You many only need a 3"x3" or 4"x4" or 4" round cut out to support your load. If you need an anchor at this point, you can drill a hole in the plywood scab and install a J bolt anchor with nuts on both sides of the plywood to hold it in place during the pour. It is also not a bad idea to put a 1/4" or so hole in the plywood right at the top of your cutout to let any trapped air out so that you don't have void pockets in the concrete face. Tapping the plywood with a hammer during the pour will also aid in consolidation and eliminating voids in the concrete face.

Here is an example of a deck support cutout:

Hello, thank you for this advice. I had been wondering if there was such a strategy to expose the concrete surface and/or install anchors before the pour. So I will definitely follow up with my engineer / installer about this idea that you have brought up.

Most ICFs are made with 1.5# density EPS which has a minimum comprehensive strength of 15# psi. So if that is enough you can save the insulation and the work.

Thanks. True. I will likely be doing some kind of specific concrete attachment in just a few places where I really need it. Elsewhere I might be able to just spread the load out. Do you know what the compressive strength of 2 5/8" panels would be? Is it just a linear factor per inch of EPS thickness?
Edit: Nevermind, I misread what you said. I thought you said that applies to panels that are 1.5" thick. I understand now.

You can use a Watkins One Plate product

Thanks smartwall I think I was able to find that online. Looks great for this. I'll have to make sure it is strong enough gauge.