WTB;
EPS foam exposed to UV rays will deteriorate, but one of the reasons it's not good to send to landfills is its expected to last 300 years burried in the ground. EPS can be damaged by gasoline or solvents, but I wouldn't advise spashing any of that around wood framing either. The /OSB/EPS/Drywall is not structural as there in little structural value to drywall.
Long term: There are thousands of commercial refrigerated warehouses in use for decades using SIPs technology. Most of which are metal based and expected to last 300+ years.
RE: 2x6 ...... don't try to reinvent the wheel (or SIPs), fiberglass is old technology, EPS is safe and proven to be a superior permorming insulator